INFLUENCES OF SOIL AND GENOTYPES ON MICRONUTRIENTS STATUS IN MAIZE PLANTS
Manda Antunović, V. Kovačević, Mirta Rastija, Z. Zdunić
[Poljoprivreda / Agriculture. 9(1):9-14, June 2003.]
Scientific review
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ABSTRACT Ten corn hybrids were grown on two soil types of Drava Valley in Slatina area (alluvial soil and pseudogley) during two growing seasons (1998 and 1999). The ear-leaf at the beginning of silking stage was taken for chemical analysis. Micronutrient concentrations in corn leave samples were measured by ICP-AES after their microwave digestion using concentrated HNO3+H2O2. Mobile fraction of these elements in soils was also determined by ICP-AES after their extraction by ammonium acetate-EDTA. In both year of the testing, corn yields on acid soil were about 25% lower in comparison with alluvial soil. Mean concentrations of tested elements in corn leaves found in our investigations (mg kg-1) were 30.4 (Zn), 129.4 (Mn) and 190.0 (Fe), respectively. In general, significant influences of growing season, soil type and genotype on Zn, Mn and Fe status in corn were found. For example, in the first year of testing higher Zn and Mn were found, as well as lower Fe concentrations in comparison with the second year. Corn growing on alluvial soil occurred due to lower Zn and Mn as well as higher Fe concentrations in plants compared to growing on pseudogley. However, these findings are not in coincidence with status of mobile fractions of Zn and Mn in the experimental plots. We presume that pH value near to neutral on alluvial soil could be responsible factor because low availability of Zn and Mn for plants occured under these conditions. An important role of heredity factors on Zn, Mn and Fe status in corn was found in our study because differences among the hybrids (mean values for two growing seasons and two soil types) under identical environmental conditions were in ranges (mg kg-1) from 26.8 to 36.0 (Zn), from 98.6 to 150.4 (Mn) and from 168.2 to 222.4 (Fe), respectively. It is very indicative that the first-ranged hybrid concerning grain yield (OsSK458exp: 12.34 t ha-1) is in the group characterizing low concentrations of Zn, Mn and Fe in leaves. |
Keywords: corn hybrid, zinc, manganese, iron, pseudogley, alluvial soil, yield
UTJECAJ TLA I GENOTIPA NA SADRŽAJ MIKROELEMENATA U KUKURUZU
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SAŽETAK Deset hibrida kukuruza uzgajano je na dva tipa tla (aluvijalno tlo i pseudoglej) slatinske Podravine tijekom dvije godine (1998. i 1999.). List ispod klipa u fazi svilanja uzet je za kemijske analize. Pristupačna frakcija elemenata u tlu određena je, također, pomoću ICP-AES nakon ekstrakcije otopinom amonijevog acetata-EDTA. Godine 1998. i 1999. bile su povoljne za uzgoj kukuruza u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. U obje godine istraživanja prinosi kukuruza na pseudogleju bili su za oko 25% niži od prinosa na aluvijalnom tlu. Prosječne koncentracije analiziranih elemenata u listu kukuruza dobivene našim istraživanjima (mg kg-1) bile su 30,4 (Zn), 129,4 (Mn), odnosno 190,0 (Fe). Općenito, ustanovljen je signifikantan utjecaj godine, tipa tla i genotipa na koncentracije Zn, Mn i Fe u listu. Tako su u prvoj godini istraživanja ustanovljene veće koncentracije Zn i Mn, a manje koncentracije Fe nego u sljedećoj godini. Uzgoj kukuruza na aluvijalnom tlu rezultirao je manjim koncentracijama Zn i Mn te većim koncentracijama Fe nego na kiselom tlu. Međutim, takvo stanje nije u skladu s razinama mobilne frakcije tih elemenata u ta dva tla. Pretpostavljamo da bi reakcija tla blizu neutralne vrijednosti mogla biti odgovorna za slabije primanje Zn i Mn. Također, u našim istraživanjima ustanovljena je značajna uloga nasljednih faktora na stanje tih elemenata, jer su razlike između hibrida uzgajanih u identičnim uvjetima u rasponima (mg kg-1) od 26,8 do 36,0 (Zn), od 98,6 do 150,4 (Mn), odnosno od 168,2 do 222,4 (Fe). Vrlo je indikativno da je hibrid s najvišim ostvarenim prinosom (OsSK458 exp.: 12,34 t ha-1) u grupi hibrida s niskim koncentracijama Zn, Mn i Fe u listu. |
Ključne riječi: hibridi kukuruza, cink, mangan, željezo, pseudoglej, aluvijalno tlo, prinos
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